Processing and healing from distressing memories and experiences.
What is EMDR?
Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an evidence-based treatment approach that enables individuals to process and heal from distressing memories and experiences in a safe and structured manner. EMDR can help individuals with unresolved trauma or anxiety relating to distressing memories, and has been found to be an effective treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It can also lead to better outcomes in a shorter time period when compared with other psychological treatments, with research showing that some individuals no longer meet the diagnostic criteria for PTSD after only 5-12 sessions of EMDR (Jongh et al., 2023).
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EMDR therapy is built upon psychological theories suggesting that some traumatic memories become ‘stuck’, unprocessed in our brain, causing them to be easily triggered, and consequently interfere with our daily lives – whether this be through re-experiencing the emotions, thoughts, and physical sensations associated with the distressing memory, or through the negative beliefs we developed as a result of experiencing the trauma. EMDR therapy aims to bring these ‘stuck’ memories back into the brain's working memory to process them, ultimately reducing the distress associated with the memory.
How does EMDR work?
During EMDR therapy, you and your therapist will work collaboratively to identify distressing memories or experiences related to past traumas, unresolved emotions, or negative beliefs about yourself. Early stages of EMDR therapy also focus on ensuring that you have a range of coping skills for handling distress to use during and in between sessions.
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After selecting and activating an initial target memory, your therapist will guide you through a series of bilateral stimulation techniques (for example, following their hand movements with your eyes or listening to alternating tones through headphones). After this, your therapist will guide you to notice any thoughts, feelings, or images coming to mind. This process can be repeated multiple times throughout the session, with the goal of reducing distress related to the target memory and associating a new adaptive belief with the memory.